Hiketeia and asylia in ancient Greek mythical and political thought

Authors

  • Eleni Alexandri University of Ioannina (Greece)
  • Stergiani Tzirvitzi University of Ioannina (Greece)

Keywords:

supplication, asylum, refugees, ancient Greece, drama, oratory, migrations, suppliants, asylum-seekers, hospitality, guest-friendship, xenia, reciprocity, Euripides, Aeschylus, Isocrates

Abstract

This article, using as a starting point the concept of supplication and asylum seeking in archaic Greek thought, examines cases of supplication which either succeeded and therefore asylum was granted, or were rejected and the pleas for asylum failed. The article focuses on two cases from Greek Drama and one case from Attic Oratory and investigates the features of supplication, the terminology and the argumentation that was considered crucial in order for the supplication to be accepted while moving from the world of myth, drama and religion to the world of oratory, city states and civic identity.

 

Keywords: supplication; asylum; refugees; ancient Greece; drama; oratory; migration; suppliants; asylum-seekers; hospitality; guest-friendship;  xenia; reciprocity; Euripides; Aeschylus; Isocrates.

References

Albert, Luce, et al. “La supplication: un langage à haut risque.” La supplication: Discours et représentation. Rennes (2015): 9-26.

Alexandri, Eleni. Archaic Moral Values and Political Behaviour in Attic Oratory: Isocrates, Ph.D. Thesis. Ioannina, 2014.

Alexiou, Evangelos. “Rhetorik, Philosophie und Politik: Isokrates und die homologoumene arete.” Rhetorica (2007): 1-13.

Bachvarova, Mary R. “Suppliant Danaids and Argive Nymphs in Aeschylus.” Classical Journal. vol. 104 (2009): 289-310.

Bakewell, George W. “Aeschylus’ Supplices 11-12: Danaus as ΠΕΣΣΟΝΟΜΩΝ*.” Classical Quarterly, vol. 58. (2008): 303-307.

Bakewell, George W. “Μετοιϰία in the Supplices of Aeschylus.” Classical Antiquity, vol. 16. (1997): 210-228.

Blank, Thomas. Logos und Praxis. Sparta als politisches Exemplum in den Schriften des Isokrates. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2014.

Blundell, Mary Whitlock. Helping Friends and Harming Enemies: A Study in Sophocles and Greek Ethics. Cambridge, 1989.

Bouchet, Christian. Isocrate l’Athénien ou la belle hégémonie. Étude des relations internationales au IVe siècle a. C. Pessac, 2014.

Βravo, Βenedetto. “Sulân. Représailles et justice privé contre des étrangers dans les cités grecques.” Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, serie III. vol. 10. (1980): 675-987.

Buono-Core Varas, Raúl. “Embajadores Griegos: ¿Una Diplomacia Profesional?.” Intus-Legere Historia. vol. 4. no. 2 (2010): 9-17.

Burian, Peter. Suppliant Drama: Studies in the Form and Interpretation of Five Greek Tragedies. Princeton, 1971.

Cairns, Douglas L. “Hybris.” The Encyclopedia of Greek Tragedy. vol. II. Malden (2014): 702-706.

Caldas, Marcos José de A. “The problem of the early proxenia and the Greek sanctuary.” Analele Universităţii Dunărea de Jos din Galaţi. Seria Istorie. vol. 3. (2004): 7-17.

Chaniotis, Αngelos. “Conflicting Authorities. Αsylia between Secular and in the Divine Law in the Classical and Ηellenistic Ρoleis.” Κernos. vol. 9. (1996): 65-86.

Clark, Matthew. “Chryses’ Supplication: Speech Act and Mythological Allusion.” Classical Antiquity. vol. 17. (1998): 5-24.

Derlien, Jochen. Αsyl. Die religiöse und rechtliche Βegründung der Flucht Ζu sakralenorten in der griechish-römischen Αntike. Tectum Verlag DE, 2003.

Dreher, Μartin. “Hikesie und Asylie in den Hiketiden des Aischylos.” Das antike Asyl: Kultische Grundlagen, rechtliche Ausgestaltung und politische Funktion. Köln (2003): 59-84.

Dreher, Μartin. “Die fremden Hiketai und die verfremdete Asylie in den Hiketiden des Aischylos.” Χenophobie-Ρhiloxenie. Vom Umgang mit Fremden in der Αntike. Stuttgart, (2005): 103-113.

Edinger, Harry G. “Aeschylus Suppliants 673.” Classical Philology. vol. 67 (1972): 46.

Edwards, Michael J. “Rhetoric and Technique in the Attic Orators and Aristotle’s technê rhêtorikê.” Inspiration and Technique. Ancient to Modern Views on Beauty and Art (2007): 35-48.

Edwards, Michael J. “Hypokritēs in action: Delivery in Greek Rhetoric.” Profession and Performance: Aspects of Oratory in the Greco-Roman World. London (2013): 15-26.

Foxhall, Lin. “Household, Gender and Property in Classical Athens.” Classical Quarterly (1989): 22-44.

Freyburger, Gérard. “Supplication grecque et supplication romaine.” Latomus (1988): 501-525.

Gantz, Timothy. “Love and Death in the Suppliants of Aischylos.” Phoenix (1978): 279-287.

Garland, Robert. Wandering Greeks: The Ancient Greek Diaspora from the Age of Homer to the Death of Alexander the Great. Princeton, 2014.

Gauthier, Philippe. Symbola: Les étrangers et la justice dans les cités grecques. Nancy, 1972.

Gkirgkenis, Stavros. Politics, Ideology and Institutions of Hegemonic Athens in the Suppliants of Aeschylus, Ph.D. Thesis. Thessaloniki, 2009.

Gray, Benjamin D. Stasis and Stability: Exile, the Polis, and Political Thought, C. 404-146 BC. Oxford, 2015.

Gottesman, Alex. Politics and the Street in Democratic Athens. Cambridge, 2014.

Gould, John. “Hiketeia.” Journal of Hellenic Studies. vol. 93. (1973): 74-103.

Grethlein, Jonas. Asyl und Athen: Die Konstruktion Kollektiver Identität in Der Griechischen Tragödie. Stuttgart, 2002.

Helmer, Etienne. “Savoir être étranger.” La question des réfugiés dans Les Suppliantes d’Eschyle (draft version). Puerto Rico (2019): 1-8.

Herman, Gabriel. Ritualised friendship and the Greek City. Cambridge, 1987.

Heslep, Cody L. The Metics and their Social Position: Foreign Residents in Athens during the Classical Period, Ph.D. Thesis. Missouri, 2012.

Isayev, Elena. “Between hospitality and asylum: A historical perspective on displaced agency.” International Review of the Red Cross (2017): 75-98.

Jebb, Richard Claverhouse. The Attic Orators from Antiphon to Isaeos. London, 1876.

Jouanna, Jacques. “Le Chant Mâle des Vièrges: Eschyle, Suppliantes, v. 418-437.” Revue des etudes grecques. vol. 115. (2002): 738-791.

Konstan, David. “Pity and Politics.” Pity and Power in Ancient Athens. New York (2005): 47-66.

Kovacs, David. Euripides. Medea. Harvard, 1998.

Kapparis, Konstantinos. “Immigration and Citizenship Procedures in Athenian Law.” Revue Internationale des droits de l’Antiquité (2005) : 71-113.

Karakantza, Efimia D. “Dark Skin and Dark Deeds: Danaids and Aigyptioi in a Culture of Light.” Light and Darkness in Ancient Greek Myth and Religion. Greek Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches (2010): 14-29.

Kopperschmidt, Josef. Die Hikesie als dramatische Form. Zurmotivischen Interpretation des griechischen Dramas, Ph.D. Thesis. Tübingen, 1966.

Kuntz, Mary. Narrative Setting and Dramatic Poetry (Mnemosyne, Suppl. 124). Leiden, 1993.

Legangneux, Patricia. “Les scènes de supplication dans la tragédie Grecque.” Lalies, (2000) : 175-188.

Létoublon, Françoise. “Le vocabulaire de la supplication en grec: performatif et derivation délocutive: Hikétés hikànõ, lité et lissomai.” Lingua (1980): 325-336.

Lintott, Andrew. “SULA-Reprisal by Seizure in Greek Inter-Community Relations.” Classical Quarterly (2004): 340-353.

Livingstone, Niall. A Commentary οn Isocrates’ Busiris. Leiden, 2001.

Low, Polly. Interstate Relations in Classical Greece. Cambridge, 2007.

Luschnig, Cecelia Eaton A. “Interiors: Ιmaginary Spaces in Alcestis and Medea.Mnemosyne (1992): 19-44.

Marek, Christian. Die Proxenie. Frankfurt, 1984.

Marfleet, Philip. “Refugees and history: why we must address the past.” Refugee Survey Quarterly (2007): 136-148.

Mastronarde, Donald J.  Euripides: Medea. Cambridge, 2002.

Mitchell, Lynette G. “Greeks, Barbarians and Aeschylus’ Suppliants.Greece & Rome (2006): 205-223.

Moreau, Alain M. Eschyle: La Violence et Le Chaos. Paris, 1985. 

Naiden, Fred S. “So-Called "Asylum" for Suppliants.” Zeitschrift fürPapyrologie und Epigraphik (2014): 136-138.

Naiden, Fred S. Ancient Supplication. Oxford, 2009.

Nicolai, Roberto. Studi su Isocrate: La comunicazione letteraria nel IV sec. a.C. e i nuovi generi della prosa. Roma, 2004. 

Nudell, Joshua P. “Who Cares about the Greeks Living in Asia?: Ionia in Fourth-Century Attic Orator.” The Classical Journal (2018-2019): 163-190.

O’ Connell, Peter A. The Rhetoric of Seeing in Attic Forensic Oratory. Texas, 2017.

Papadopoulou, Thalia. “Anthropology, Sociology and Literary Tradition: The Female element in Greek Tragedy.” Ancient Greek Tragedy. Gutenberg (2008): 149-177.

Papillon, Terry L. Isocrates II. Texas, 2004.

Pedrina, Marta. La Supplication Sur Les Vases Grecs: Mythes Et Images. Pisa, 2017.

Price, Matthew E. Rethinking Asylum: History, Purpose, and Limits. Cambridge, 2009.

Robertson, George Ian Cantlie. “Asylum at Argos: The Suppliants of Aeschylus.” This is an edited version of a lecture given in the opening night of the production of the “Suppliants” by the Classics Drama Group at Trent University (2003): 1-5.

Rigsby, Kent J. Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World. California, 1996.   

Rubinstein, Lene. “Envoys and Ethos.” La Rhétorique Du Pouvoir: Une Exploration De L'art Oratoire Délibératif Grec: Neuf Exposes Suivis De Discussions (2016) : 79-128.

Rummel, Erica. Examination of Isocrates’ moral ideas and their background, Ph.D. Thesis. Toronto, 1976.

Salazar Sutil, Nicolás. “Inmigración, Suplicancia y la Política de Asilo en la Antigua Grecia.” Cyber Humanitatis (2007): 1-19.

Schiappa, Edward. “Isocrates’ Philosophia and contemporary pragmatism.” Rhetoric, Sophistry, Pragmatism. Cambridge (2005): 33-60.

Serafim, Andreas. Attic Oratory and Performance. Routledge, 2017.

Sfyroeras, Pavlos V. “The Ιronies of Salvation: the Aegeus Scene in Euripides’ Medea.Classical Journal (1994-1995): 125-142.

Steinbock, Bernd. Social Memory in Athenian Public Discourse: Uses and Meanings of the Past. Michigan, 2013.

Too, Yun L. The Rhetoric of Identity in Isocrates: Text, Power, Pedagogy. Cambridge, 2009.

Turner, Chad. “Perverted Supplication and Other Inversions in Aeschylus’ Danaid Trilogy.” Classical Journal (2001): 27-50.

Tzanetou, Angeliki. City of Suppliants: Tragedy and the Athenian Empire. Texas, 2012.       

Vidal Naquet, Pierre. “Note sur la place et le statut des étrangers dans la tragédie athénienne.” L’ Etranger dans le monde grec. Nancy (1992): 297-311.

Ζelnick-Αbramovitz, Rachel. “Supplication and Request: Application by Foreigners to the Αthenian Ρolis.” Μnemosyne (1998): 554-573.

                

 

 

Downloads

Published

2019-09-13

How to Cite

Alexandri, E., & Tzirvitzi, S. (2019). Hiketeia and asylia in ancient Greek mythical and political thought. Vergentis. Revista De Investigación De La Cátedra Internacional Conjunta Inocencio III, 1(9), 171–200. Retrieved from https://vergentis.ucam.edu/index.php/vergentis/article/view/161

Similar Articles

1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.