Quaesitor and border security: reflections on the Nov. 80 of Justinian
Keywords:
quaesitor, migration, borders, urban póliceAbstract
In our study we analyze the causes by which the mobility of the population or its relocation takes place, such as: economic crises, political instability, wars with the analysis of numerous literary sources that reflect these aspects, e.g. Seneca, ad Hel. matrem, from consolatione 6.2, Livio ad urbe 39.3.6, 41.8.9, 25.1.8; Suetonius in Aug.42.3. Moreover, we examine in our study the migratory policies and the refugee crisis that Roman diplomacy had to leaded and that, in its evolution, forced the establishment of border controls in the Lower Empire, particularly in the city of Constantinople, which becomes, before a vertiginous demographic development, in zone of religious, economic and political reference as of 4 th Century; thus we will study many vicissitudes such as the scarcity of housing in which the locals give their homes to the foreign population as Procopio tells us, arc.23.24 and other aspects that are inferred from sources such as: Temistio, Or.3.48, Or. 18. 221a-223b, Zosimo 2.35 and Novels of Emperor Justinian Nov. 80, which also reflects a Christian stamp and a theocratic conception of the State to protect its legislation. These and other vicissitudes have a parallel that is reflected in the migratory crises that have occurred later and in our century.
Keywords: quaesitor; migration; borders; urban pólice.
References
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<p>Álvarez-Ossorio Rivas, Alfonso. “Seguridad, piratería y legislación en el tráfico comercial romano en la península ibérica durante la República y el Alto Imperio.” <em>Mainake</em> 30 (2008): 91-107.</p>
<p>Arias Ramos, José. “Un curioso cargo en la burocracia bizantina: el quaesitor.” <em>Revista de estudios políticos</em> 43 (1952): 107-128.</p>
<p>Bianchini, Mariagrazia. <em>Temi e tecniche della legislazione tardoimperiale</em>. Torino, 2000.</p>
<p>Biondi, Biondo. <em>Città tentacolari</em>. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, 1952.</p>
<p>Biondi, Biondo. <em>Il Diritto romano cristiano I. Orientamento religioso della legislazione</em>. Milano, 1952.</p>
<p>Biondi, Biondo. <em>Il Diritto romano cristiano III.</em> Milano, 1954.</p>
<p>Biondi, Biondo. <em>Scritti giuridici II</em>. <em>Diritto romano</em>. Milano, 1965.</p>
<p>Blanch Nougués, José Mª. <em>Régimen jurídico de las fundaciones en el Derecho romano</em>. Madrid, 2007.</p>
<p>Croke, Brian. “Justinian´s Constantinople.” <em>The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian</em>. Ed. Maas, M. Cambridge (2005): 60-86.</p>
<p>De Martino, Francesco. <em>Storia della Costituzione Romana</em> II. Napoli, 1973.</p>
<p>Dragon, Gilbert. <em>Naissance d´une capitale. Constantinopole et ses institutions de 330 à 451</em>. Paris, 1974.</p>
<p>Franciosi, Eugenia. <em>Riforme istituzionali e funzioni giurisdizionali nelle Novelle di Giustiniano. Studi su Nov. 13 e Nov. 80</em>. Milano, 1998.</p>
<p>Fuster Andújar, Ricardo. “La diplomacia romana interna en la época de los Valentinianos (368-378).” <em>Antesteria</em> 1 (2012): 411-419.</p>
<p>Gagliardi, Lorenzo. <em>Mobilitá e integrazione delle persone nei centri cittadini romani. Aspetti giuridici. I. La classificazione degli incola</em>. Milano, 2006.</p>
<p>Garnsey, Peter. <em>The Cambridge Ancient History, vXIII. The Late Empire AD.337-425</em>. Cambridge, 1998.</p>
<p>Goria, Fausto. “Romani cittadinanza ed estensione della legislazione imperiale nelle costituzioni di Giustiniano.” <em>La nozione di romano tra cittadinanza e universalità</em>. Vol. II. Napoli (1984): 277-342.</p>
<p>Heather, Peter J. “Refugees and the Roman Empire.” <em>JRS</em> 30/2 (2016): 231-247.</p>
<p>Heather, Peter J<em>. Goths and Romans 332-480</em>. Oxford, 1991.</p>
<p>Hin Saskia. <em>The Demography of Roman italy. Population Dynamics in an Anciente Conquest Society 201 BCE- 14 CE</em>. Cambridge University, 2013.</p>
<p>Horden Peregrine. “Mediterranean plague in the age of Justinian.” <em>The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian</em>. Ed. Maas, M. Cambridge (2005): 134-160.</p>
<p>Janin, Raymond. <em>Constantinople byzantine, développment urbain et rérpertoire topographique. </em>Paris, 1964.</p>
<p>Joshel, Sandra R. <em>Slavery in the roman world</em>. New York, 2010.</p>
<p>Klebert, Tönes. <em>Hôtels, restaurants et cabarets dans l´antiquité romaine</em>. Uppsala, 1957.</p>
<p>Kunderewicz, Teresa. “Disposizioni testamentarie e donazioni a scopi di beneficenza nel diritto giustinianeo.” <em>SDHI </em>47 (1981): 47-92.</p>
<p>Laniado, Avshalom. ″Ethnos et droit dans le monde protobyzantin, V<sup>e</sup>-Vi<sup>e </sup>siècle, Féderes, paysans et provinciaux à la lumière d´une scholie juridique de l’époque de Justinien.″ <em>Hautes Études du monde gréco romain</em> 52. Genève (2015): 217-218.</p>
<p>Lee, Alaan D<strong><em>. </em></strong><em>Information and frontiers. </em><em>Roman foreign relations in late antqiquity</em>. Cambridge, 1993.</p>
<p>Lenski, Noel. <em>Failure of Empire. Valens and the Roman State in the fourth century A.D</em>. London, 2002.</p>
<p>Lenski, Noel<em>. Constantine and the cities. Imperial authority adn civic politics</em>, Pennsylvania, 2016.</p>
<p>Licandro, Orazio. <em>Domicilium habere. Persona e territorio nella disciplina del domicilio romano</em>. Turín, 2004.</p>
<p>Mango, Cyril. <em>Le développement urbain de Constantinople (IV<sup>e</sup>-VII<sup>e</sup> siècles)</em>. Paris, 1985.</p>
<p>Marcone, Arnaldo. <em>Storia dell´agricoltora romana. Dal mondo arcaico all´età imperiale</em>. Roma, 1997.</p>
<p>Masi Doria, Carla. <em>Quaesitor urnam movet e altri studi sul diritto penale romano</em>. Napoli, 2003.</p>
<p>Matthews, John. <em>Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court A.D. 364-425. </em>Oxford, 1975.</p>
<p>Monaco, Lucia. <em>Persecutio piratarum. I. Battaglie ambigue e svolte costituzionali nella Roma repubblicana</em>. Napoli, 1996.</p>
<p>Novillo López, Miguel A. “Emigrantes en el mundo romano: algunas precisiones sobre el término incola.” <em>Espacio, tiempo y forma, Serie II, en Historia Antigua 25</em> (2012): 415-422.</p>
<p>Patlagean, Evelyne. <em>Povertà ed emarginazione a Bisanzio IV-VII secolo</em>. Bari, 1986.</p>
<p>Portillo Martin, Rafael. <em>Incola. Una contribución al análisis de la movilidad social en el mundo romano</em>. Córdoba, 1983.</p>
<p>Pottier, Bruno. ″Contrôle et mobilisation des vagabonds et des mediants dasn l´empire romain au IV <sup>e</sup> et au debut du V<sup>e</sup> siècle.″ <em>Le monde de l´intinérance en méditerranée de l´antiquité à l´époque moderne</em>. Bourdeaux (2009): 203-240.</p>
<p>Rémondon, Roger. <em>La crise de l´empire romain de Marc-Aurele à Anastase</em>. Paris, 1964</p>
<p>Rodríguez López, Rosalía. “De privilegiis urbis Constantinopolitanae.”<em> Constantinopla 550 años de su caída. </em>Granada (2006): 145-158.</p>
<p>Rodríguez López, Rosalía. “Migración y trabajo en la Constantinopla del siglo VI.” <em>Index</em> 39 (2011): 406-419.</p>
<p>Rodríguez López, Rosalía. “Políticas migratorias en Constantinopla, s.IV-s.VI d.C.” <em>Rida</em> 54 (2007): 437-459.</p>
<p>Rosafio, Pasquale. <em>Studi sul colonato</em>. Bari, 2012.</p>
<p>Salmón, Pierre. <em>Population et dépopulation dans l´Empire romain. </em>Bruxelles, 1974.</p>
<p>Scheidel, Walter. “Human mobility in Roman Italy I: the free population.” <em>JRS</em> 94 (2004): 1-26.</p>
<p>Seeck, Otto. <em>Notitia dignitatum; accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi prouinciarum. </em>Berlin, 1874.</p>
<p>Sirks, Boudewijn. <em>Food for Rome</em>. Netherland, 1991.</p>
<p>Stein, Ernst. <em>Histoire du Bas-Empire, II. De la disparition de l’empire d’occident a la mort de justinien</em> <em>(475-565). </em>Belgium, 1949.</p>
<p>Treadgold, Warren. <em>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</em>. Stanford, 1997.</p>
<p>Ward-Perkins, Bryan. <em>Constantinople, imperial capital of the fifth adn sixth centuries, Sedes Regiae (ann.400-800)</em>. Barcelona, 2000.</p>
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<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<p>Álvarez-Ossorio Rivas, Alfonso. “Seguridad, piratería y legislación en el tráfico comercial romano en la península ibérica durante la República y el Alto Imperio.” <em>Mainake</em> 30 (2008): 91-107.</p>
<p>Arias Ramos, José. “Un curioso cargo en la burocracia bizantina: el quaesitor.” <em>Revista de estudios políticos</em> 43 (1952): 107-128.</p>
<p>Bianchini, Mariagrazia. <em>Temi e tecniche della legislazione tardoimperiale</em>. Torino, 2000.</p>
<p>Biondi, Biondo. <em>Città tentacolari</em>. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, 1952.</p>
<p>Biondi, Biondo. <em>Il Diritto romano cristiano I. Orientamento religioso della legislazione</em>. Milano, 1952.</p>
<p>Biondi, Biondo. <em>Il Diritto romano cristiano III.</em> Milano, 1954.</p>
<p>Biondi, Biondo. <em>Scritti giuridici II</em>. <em>Diritto romano</em>. Milano, 1965.</p>
<p>Blanch Nougués, José Mª. <em>Régimen jurídico de las fundaciones en el Derecho romano</em>. Madrid, 2007.</p>
<p>Croke, Brian. “Justinian´s Constantinople.” <em>The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian</em>. Ed. Maas, M. Cambridge (2005): 60-86.</p>
<p>De Martino, Francesco. <em>Storia della Costituzione Romana</em> II. Napoli, 1973.</p>
<p>Dragon, Gilbert. <em>Naissance d´une capitale. Constantinopole et ses institutions de 330 à 451</em>. Paris, 1974.</p>
<p>Franciosi, Eugenia. <em>Riforme istituzionali e funzioni giurisdizionali nelle Novelle di Giustiniano. Studi su Nov. 13 e Nov. 80</em>. Milano, 1998.</p>
<p>Fuster Andújar, Ricardo. “La diplomacia romana interna en la época de los Valentinianos (368-378).” <em>Antesteria</em> 1 (2012): 411-419.</p>
<p>Gagliardi, Lorenzo. <em>Mobilitá e integrazione delle persone nei centri cittadini romani. Aspetti giuridici. I. La classificazione degli incola</em>. Milano, 2006.</p>
<p>Garnsey, Peter. <em>The Cambridge Ancient History, vXIII. The Late Empire AD.337-425</em>. Cambridge, 1998.</p>
<p>Goria, Fausto. “Romani cittadinanza ed estensione della legislazione imperiale nelle costituzioni di Giustiniano.” <em>La nozione di romano tra cittadinanza e universalità</em>. Vol. II. Napoli (1984): 277-342.</p>
<p>Heather, Peter J. “Refugees and the Roman Empire.” <em>JRS</em> 30/2 (2016): 231-247.</p>
<p>Heather, Peter J<em>. Goths and Romans 332-480</em>. Oxford, 1991.</p>
<p>Hin Saskia. <em>The Demography of Roman italy. Population Dynamics in an Anciente Conquest Society 201 BCE- 14 CE</em>. Cambridge University, 2013.</p>
<p>Horden Peregrine. “Mediterranean plague in the age of Justinian.” <em>The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian</em>. Ed. Maas, M. Cambridge (2005): 134-160.</p>
<p>Janin, Raymond. <em>Constantinople byzantine, développment urbain et rérpertoire topographique. </em>Paris, 1964.</p>
<p>Joshel, Sandra R. <em>Slavery in the roman world</em>. New York, 2010.</p>
<p>Klebert, Tönes. <em>Hôtels, restaurants et cabarets dans l´antiquité romaine</em>. Uppsala, 1957.</p>
<p>Kunderewicz, Teresa. “Disposizioni testamentarie e donazioni a scopi di beneficenza nel diritto giustinianeo.” <em>SDHI </em>47 (1981): 47-92.</p>
<p>Laniado, Avshalom. ″Ethnos et droit dans le monde protobyzantin, V<sup>e</sup>-Vi<sup>e </sup>siècle, Féderes, paysans et provinciaux à la lumière d´une scholie juridique de l’époque de Justinien.″ <em>Hautes Études du monde gréco romain</em> 52. Genève (2015): 217-218.</p>
<p>Lee, Alaan D<strong><em>. </em></strong><em>Information and frontiers. </em><em>Roman foreign relations in late antqiquity</em>. Cambridge, 1993.</p>
<p>Lenski, Noel. <em>Failure of Empire. Valens and the Roman State in the fourth century A.D</em>. London, 2002.</p>
<p>Lenski, Noel<em>. Constantine and the cities. Imperial authority adn civic politics</em>, Pennsylvania, 2016.</p>
<p>Licandro, Orazio. <em>Domicilium habere. Persona e territorio nella disciplina del domicilio romano</em>. Turín, 2004.</p>
<p>Mango, Cyril. <em>Le développement urbain de Constantinople (IV<sup>e</sup>-VII<sup>e</sup> siècles)</em>. Paris, 1985.</p>
<p>Marcone, Arnaldo. <em>Storia dell´agricoltora romana. Dal mondo arcaico all´età imperiale</em>. Roma, 1997.</p>
<p>Masi Doria, Carla. <em>Quaesitor urnam movet e altri studi sul diritto penale romano</em>. Napoli, 2003.</p>
<p>Matthews, John. <em>Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court A.D. 364-425. </em>Oxford, 1975.</p>
<p>Monaco, Lucia. <em>Persecutio piratarum. I. Battaglie ambigue e svolte costituzionali nella Roma repubblicana</em>. Napoli, 1996.</p>
<p>Novillo López, Miguel A. “Emigrantes en el mundo romano: algunas precisiones sobre el término incola.” <em>Espacio, tiempo y forma, Serie II, en Historia Antigua 25</em> (2012): 415-422.</p>
<p>Patlagean, Evelyne. <em>Povertà ed emarginazione a Bisanzio IV-VII secolo</em>. Bari, 1986.</p>
<p>Portillo Martin, Rafael. <em>Incola. Una contribución al análisis de la movilidad social en el mundo romano</em>. Córdoba, 1983.</p>
<p>Pottier, Bruno. ″Contrôle et mobilisation des vagabonds et des mediants dasn l´empire romain au IV <sup>e</sup> et au debut du V<sup>e</sup> siècle.″ <em>Le monde de l´intinérance en méditerranée de l´antiquité à l´époque moderne</em>. Bourdeaux (2009): 203-240.</p>
<p>Rémondon, Roger. <em>La crise de l´empire romain de Marc-Aurele à Anastase</em>. Paris, 1964</p>
<p>Rodríguez López, Rosalía. “De privilegiis urbis Constantinopolitanae.”<em> Constantinopla 550 años de su caída. </em>Granada (2006): 145-158.</p>
<p>Rodríguez López, Rosalía. “Migración y trabajo en la Constantinopla del siglo VI.” <em>Index</em> 39 (2011): 406-419.</p>
<p>Rodríguez López, Rosalía. “Políticas migratorias en Constantinopla, s.IV-s.VI d.C.” <em>Rida</em> 54 (2007): 437-459.</p>
<p>Rosafio, Pasquale. <em>Studi sul colonato</em>. Bari, 2012.</p>
<p>Salmón, Pierre. <em>Population et dépopulation dans l´Empire romain. </em>Bruxelles, 1974.</p>
<p>Scheidel, Walter. “Human mobility in Roman Italy I: the free population.” <em>JRS</em> 94 (2004): 1-26.</p>
<p>Seeck, Otto. <em>Notitia dignitatum; accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi prouinciarum. </em>Berlin, 1874.</p>
<p>Sirks, Boudewijn. <em>Food for Rome</em>. Netherland, 1991.</p>
<p>Stein, Ernst. <em>Histoire du Bas-Empire, II. De la disparition de l’empire d’occident a la mort de justinien</em> <em>(475-565). </em>Belgium, 1949.</p>
<p>Treadgold, Warren. <em>A History of the Byzantine State and Society</em>. Stanford, 1997.</p>
<p>Ward-Perkins, Bryan. <em>Constantinople, imperial capital of the fifth adn sixth centuries, Sedes Regiae (ann.400-800)</em>. Barcelona, 2000.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
</body>
</html>
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Published
2018-10-30
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Zamora Manzano, J. L. (2018). Quaesitor and border security: reflections on the Nov. 80 of Justinian. Vergentis. Revista De Investigación De La Cátedra Internacional Conjunta Inocencio III, 1(7), 299–330. Retrieved from https://vergentis.ucam.edu/index.php/vergentis/article/view/94
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Notes, current status of research and bibliographic review
